Meaning:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the cartilage cushioning the ends of bones in joints gradually breaks down. It is the most common form of arthritis, typically affecting weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine, as well as the hands. The condition leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, often worsening over time.

Symptoms:

• Joint pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest.
• Stiffness, especially after periods of inactivity or in the morning.
• Swelling or tenderness around the affected joints.
• Reduced range of motion and a feeling of joint instability or weakness.
• A grating sensation or popping sound during joint movement.

Possible Causes:

• Age: Risk increases with age as cartilage naturally wears down over time.
• Joint Overuse: Repeated stress or overuse from activities or occupations.
• Injuries: Joint injuries can lead to early-onset osteoarthritis.
• Obesity: Excess weight puts additional stress on weight-bearing joints.
• Genetics: Family history of osteoarthritis can increase susceptibility.
• Other Conditions: Rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders, or joint malformations can contribute to development.

Care and Treatment:

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Weight loss to reduce stress on joints.
• Regular low-impact exercise, such as swimming or walking, to improve joint function.
• Use of assistive devices like braces or canes for support.

Medications:

• Pain relievers like acetaminophen or NSAIDs for pain and inflammation.
• Topical creams or patches for localized relief.
• Corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections for temporary joint relief.

Physical Therapy:

• Strengthening exercises and stretching to improve joint stability and flexibility.
• Heat or cold therapy to manage pain and stiffness.

Surgical Options:

• Joint repair or replacement (e.g., hip or knee replacement) in severe cases where mobility is significantly affected.